Pengurusan Harta Intelek


Pengurusan Harta Intelek oleh KPDN dan HEP mempunyai objektif seperti berikut:1. untuk memastikan jentera yang lebih efektif dan efisyen2. untuk menjamin fungsi di arena antarabangsa.3. untuk memastikan fungsi yang lebih meluas dalam pembangunan harta intelek negara.4. untuk mempertingkat peluang pekerjaan untuk pakar dan para profesional.
Antara fungsi-fungsi Perbadanan Pengurusan Harta Intelek ialah:1. Memberikan perkhidmatan pengurusan yang berbayar menngikut yuran yang telah ditetapkan berkenaan dengan Harta Intelek2. Memantau dan menyelia tentang perkara-perkara yang terbit dari penggunaan Undang-Undang Harta Intelek.3. Mengemaskini Undang-Undang Harta Intelek4. Memyebarkan maklumat berkenaan Harta Intelek5. Mempromosi dan menyatukan program kesedaran kepentingan hak dan perlindungan Harta Intelek di peringkat kebangsaan dan kuar negara.6. Membuat penyelidikan dan pembangunan menegenai Harta Intelek7. Memberikan nasihat kepada pihak Menteri tentang perkara-perkara yang berkaitan dengan Harta Intelek8. Menguruskan kerjasama yang berkaitan dengan Harta Intelek9. Melaksanakan aktiviti-aktivit yang berkaitan dengan Harta Intelek.
updated Tuesday, 30 November 1999 Ketua Pengarah Perbadanan Harta Intelek Malaysia Kamel Mohamad. Foto: BernamaOleh Jenny LanongKUALA LUMPUR, 15 April (Bernama) -- Di Malaysia, perlindungan harta intelek telah bermula sejak awal 1960-an lagi dan ditadbir oleh Pejabat Pendaftaran Cap Dagangan dan Jaminhak.Pada tahun 1983, dengan penguatkuasaan Akta Cap Dagangan 1976 dan Akta Paten 1983, nama pejabat ini ditukar kepada Pejabat Cap Dagangan dan Paten di bawah bidang kuasa Kementerian Perdagangan dan Perindustrian.Harta intelek diberi perlindungan di bawah peruntukan undang-undang termasuk Akta Hak Cipta 1987 dan Akta Perihal Dagangan 1972, merangkumi enam bahagian iaitu Paten, Cap Dagangan, Hakcipta, Reka Bentuk Perindustrian, Petunjuk Geografi dan Reka Bentuk susun atur litar bersepadu.Seterusnya pada 27 Oktober 1990, pejabat ini diletakkan di bawah bidang kuasa Kementerian Perdagangan Dalam Negeri, Koperasi Dan Kepenggunaan (KPDNKK) dengan nama Bahagian Harta Intelek (BHI).Demi kepentingan industri harta intelek di peringkat domestik dan global, BHI telah digubal menjadi badan berkanun berikutan penguatkuasaan Akta Perbadanan Harta Intelek Malaysia 2002 pada 3 Mac 2003 dan dikenali sebagai Perbadanan Harta Intelek Malaysia.Badan ini mula menggunakan singkatan MyIPO sempena pelancaran Hari Harta Intelek Negara oleh Perdana Menteri Datuk Seri Abdullah Ahmad Badawi pada 3 Mac 2005.PENUBUHAN MHIMenyedari akan kepentingan harta intelek sebagai salah satu komponen pembangunan ekonomi negara, kerajaan telah mengambil langkah proaktif dengan menubuhkan Mahkamah Harta Intelek (MHI) pada Julai 2007 untuk menangani kes-kes berkaitan harta intelek (intellectual property, IP).Secara amnya Malaysia merupakan antara negara yang awal di rantau ini mengambil langkah menubuhkan mahkamah seumpamanya selepas Thailand dan Indonesia.Mahkamah Harta Intelek ini diwujudkan oleh Mahkamah Persekutuan beserta agensi kerajaan lain seperti Jabatan Perdana Menteri, Kementerian Perdagangan Dalam Negeri, Koperasi Dan Kepenggunaan (KPDNKK) dan Perbadanan Harta Intelek Malaysia (MyIPO) selaku sekretariat.Mahkamah Sesyen Harta Intelek mempunyai bidang kuasa mendengar kes-kes jenayah IP sementara Mahkamah Tinggi Harta Intelek mempunyai bidang kuasa mendengar kes-kes sivil IP serta kes-kes jenayah dari Mahkamah Sesyen Harta Intelek.Sehingga ini kerajaan telah meluluskan 21 Mahkamah Harta Intelek iaitu 15 Mahkamah Sesyen di setiap negeri termasuk satu di Putrajaya dan 6 Mahkamah Tinggi masing-masing di Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, Johor, Perak, Sabah dan Sarawak.KEBERKESANAN MHIMenurut Ketua Pengarah MyIPO, Kamel Mohamad, sejak ditubuhkan mahkamah ini telah berjaya menyelesaikan beberapa kes yang berkaitan harta intelek.Kamel berkata oleh kerana mahkamah ini hanya mendengar kes-kes berkaitan IP, pelupusan kes-kes IP telah dapat ditingkatkan.Dengan adanya mahkamah yang hanya menjurus kepada IP juga kes-kes dapat diselesaikan dalam jangka masa yang lebih singkat berbanding sebelumnya.Pada tahun 2005, Mahkamah Sesyen di Kuala Lumpur hanya berjaya menyelesaikan 14 peratus daripada kes yang didaftarkan namun selepas MHI ditubuhkan, mahkamah ini telah berjaya menyelesaikan hampir 70 peratus daripada kes yang telah didaftarkan."Menurut sumber lisan yang diperolehi daripada pihak mahkamah di Kuala Lumpur, setakat Disember 2007 Mahkamah Sesyen Harta Intelek telah menyelesaikan 163 kes daripada 236 kes yang telah didaftarkan."Mahkamah Tinggi Harta Intelek pula telah berjaya menyelesaikan 28 kes sivil daripada 142 kes sivil yang telah didaftarkan," katanya kepada Bernama."Sebelum kewujudan mahkamah ini, kes-kes IP didaftarkan seperti kes-kes lain dan pendengaran kes-kes ini dilakukan mengikut giliran tarikh kes didaftarkan," katanya lagi.Kamel juga berkata mahkamah ini dapat membantu melaksanakan penguatkuasaan terhadap kes-kes IP dengan lebih berkesan."Mahkamah khas seumpama ini menyediakan satu sistem yang adil dan cekap untuk mendengar, mentadbir dan memutuskan kes-kes pelanggaran IP selaras dengan perkembangan IP di negara kita," katanya.Sementara itu, Kamel berkata penubuhan Mahkamah Harta Intelek merupakan satu pencapaian yang membanggakan kepada negara kerana ia menunjukkan perkembangan memberangsangkan dalam sistem perundangan berkaitan IP."Dengan adanya mahkamah ini, negara kita telah mengambil satu usaha yang proaktif serta komitmen yang tinggi terhadap penguatkuasaan undang-undang berkenaan IP," kata beliau lagi.Berkenaan tahap kesedaran orang ramai terhadap kewujudan mahkamah ini, Kamel berkata memandangkan mahkamah ini masih baru maka tahap kesedaran itu masih pada tahap kajian."Diharapkan dengan penubuhan Mahkamah Harta Intelek di Malaysia, pertumbuhan ekonomi dan pembangunan sosial akan dapat dipertingkatkan lagi di negara kita secara keseluruhannya dan orang ramai akan lebih prihatin terhadap kepentingan harta intelek, kata Kamel.PERLINDUNGAN HARTA INTELEK"Harta intelek telah dikenalpasti sebagai salah satu komponen penting dalam pembangunan ekonomi negara dan penghasilan berterusan harta intelek akan meningkatkan aktiviti pelaburan dan perdagangan.Maka usaha untuk melindungi harta intelek adalah mustahak," kata Kamel lagi.Menurut Kamel, kesedaran orang ramai dalam memperjuangkan hak mereka akan memudahkan usaha kerajaan dalam memupuk budaya melindungi harta intelek di Malaysia.Paten merujuk kepada hak eksklusif terhadap sesuatu ciptaan baru yang boleh digunakan dalam industri, proses penghasilan, ataupun penyelesaian teknikal terhadap sesuatu masalah.Manakala reka bentuk perindustrian melindungi hak pereka cipta terhadap aspek atau hiasan atau estetik sesuatu barang.Reka bentuk perindustrian boleh mempunyai ciri tiga dimensi seperti bentuk atau tatarajah atau ciri dua dimensi seperti corak dan hiasan.Cap dagangan pula membolehkan peniaga membezakan barangan dan perkhidmatan daripada seorang peniaga dengan peniaga-peniaga lain dan petunjuk geografi pula bertujuan untuk mengenalpasti dari mana sesuatu barangan berasal."Secara umumnya hak setiap pereka cipta diiktiraf dan dilindungi undang-undang," katanya.-- BERNAMA


PERLINDUNGAN HARTA INTELEK DI MALAYSIA

Mulai bulan Julai ini dua puluh satu buah Mahkamah Harta Intelek akan beroperasi di seluruh negara merangkumi 15 Mahkamah Sesyen dan enam Mahkamah Tinggi. Kelulusan penubuhan Mahkamah Harta Intelek ini telah diluluskan Kabinet pada 6 Jun lalu dilihat bakal menjadikan Malaysia sebagai negara kedua di ASEAN selepas Thailand yang mempunyai kaedah dan sistem mahkamah khas bagi melindungi aset harta intelek.Penubuhan Mahkamah ini bertepatan dengan perakuan Malaysia di peringkat antarabangsa melalui Perjanjian Perdagangan Berkaitan Harta Intelek (TRIPS). Negara telah mengorak langkah yang bijak dan terkehadapan berbanding negara lain di dalam melindungi harta intelek, dan ini adalah satu lagi bentuk kejayaan dan inovasi sistem perundangan dan kehakiman di negara kita. Di samping itu gandingan bijak Kementerian Perdagangan Dalam Negeri dan Hal Ehwal Pengguna (KPDN&HEP), Perbadanan Harta Intelek Negara dan pertubuhan antarabangsa World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO) akan memperkasakan lagi sistem perlindungan harta intelek di negara kita.Menurut Yusri Mohamad Ramli (2007), harta intelek menurut pandangan undang-undang Malaysia merangkumi harta industri dan hak cipta. Harta industri melibatkan cap dagangan, paten, reka bentuk perindustrian, reka bentuk litar bersepadu dan sebagainya. Hak cipta pula merujuk kepada hak penguasaan yang dilindungi oleh undang-undang ke atas seluruh atau sebahagian daripada hasil ciptaan merangkumi karya sastera, karya muzik, karya seni, filem, rakaman bunyi dan siaran.Perbincangan mengenai harta intelek masih dianggap baharu walaupun harta berbentuk intelek sebenarnya sudahpun lama wujud di seluruh dunia. Namun masalahnya ialah undang-undang mengenainya masih belum mantap dan berkesan. Pengkajian mengenai harta intelek dikenal pasti bermula dengan berlangsungnya Paris Convention pada 20 Mac 1883 di Paris, Perancis. Sejak itu, para sarjana undang-undang telah memberi tumpuan yang mendalam terhadap isu-isu berkaitan harta intelek. Usaha ini semakin rancak ekoran perkembangan drastik teknologi maklumat dan komunikasi (ICT) di samping globalisasi yang semakin melebar dalam ekonomi dunia pada akhir abad ke-20.Ahli media terkenal Jeniri Amir (2005) menyatakan undang-undang pertama yang memberikan hak cipta pengarang ialah Stature of Anne yang diluluskan oleh Parlimen British pada 1710. Para peringkat awal perundangan, pihak Inggeris memperakukan bahawa pengarang memiliki hak terhadap karyanya berdasarkan prinsip natural justice. Manakala hak moral pula diperuntukkan di bawah Berne Copyright Convention yang menetapkan bahawa "The author shall have the right to claim authorship of his work and to object any distortation, mutilation or other modification of, or other deragotory action in relation to the said work, which would be prejudicial to his honour or reputation".Manakala menurut Azizah Hamzah (2005) pula undang-undang hak cipta Malaysia bermula dengan adanya Copyright Act 1911 yang berkuatkuasa di Pulau Pinang dan Melaka. Selain itu terdapat juga kewujudan Enakmen 73 yang berkuatkuasa di Selangor, Perak, Pahang dan Negeri Sembilan. Perundangan hak cipta yang pertama sekali berkuat kuasa termaktub dalam Copyright Act 1967. Undang-undang tentang hak cipta masa kini merujuk kepada Akta Hakcipta 1987. Akta tersebut menjalani pindaan pada tahun 1990, 1996, 1997 dan 1999. Pindaan tahun 1990 menandakan kemasukan Malaysia dalam Berne Convention. Pindaan pada 1997 digubal bagi memenuhi keperluan dan tuntutan baharu era teknologi maklumat, industri multimedia dan Koridor Raya Multimedia (MSC).Malaysia tidak terlepas daripada arus harta intelek ini dan dengan kewujudan peningkatan kes berkaitan harta intelek di negara kita, operasi dan inisiatif Mahkamah khas ini dijangka dapat menyelesaikan lebih 1,600 kes harta intelek tertunggak mengikut rekod Pejabat Ketua Pendaftar Mahkamah sehingga tahun 2006. Statistik menunjukkan terdapat 515 kes tertunggak di Mahkamah Majistret sehingga Jun 2006 manakala sebanyak 1,030 kes lagi di Mahkamah Sesyen dan 67 kes di Mahkamah Tinggi sehingga 31 Disember 2006.Bagi Menteri Perdagangan Dalam Negeri dan Hal Ehwal Pengguna, Datuk Mohd Shafie Apdal, dengan adanya sistem baru mahkamah ini, ia bukan sahaja akan mempercepatkan lagi proses penggendalian kes-kes yang melibatkan pelanggaran harta intelek di negara ini malah kita akan memperoleh kepakaran dari perundangan seperti hakim dan peguam, sekali gus akan meletakkan negara kita di landasan yang setanding dengan negara luar dari segi kelengkapan bagi memutuskan kes-kes berkaitan.Kerajaan juga yakin dengan kewujudan operasi mahkamah ini akan menyakinkan para pelabur dan masyarakat antarabangsa bahawa kerajaan Malaysia amat serius memerangi perompak, pencuri dan pelanggar harta intelek yang tidak bertanggungjawab serta tidak berperikemanusiaan ini, yang giat menceroboh hak kepunyaan orang lain seperti memuat turun tanpa kebenaran, mengubahsuai dari karya asal, menciplak, mencuplik, mencetak rompak, memplagiat, meniru, mencedok, menyebar karya secara bebas dan banyak lagi pencabulan harta intelek. Inisiatif ini adalah bukti keprihatinan dan usaha terbesar kerajaan melindungi entiti dan identiti harta intelek di negara kita secara yang lebih konsisten dan holistik.Semua 15 Mahkamah Harta Intelek akan membicarakan kes di setiap ibu negeri dan pusat pentadbiran negara Putrajaya. Enam Mahkamah Tinggi Bahagian Harta Intelek dengan bidang kuasa sivil dan rayuan akan bersidang secara mahkamah khusus di negeri yang mempunyai banyak kes harta intelek seperti Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, Johor, Perak, Sabah dan Sarawak. Setakat ini projek mahkamah harta intelek ini tidak membabitkan sebarang kos membina kemudahan atau bangunan baru, sebaliknya menggunakan kemudahan dan prasarana sedia ada di kompleks mahkamah di negeri terbabit.Pada masa ini, projek perintis ini telahpun dilaksanakan di Mahkamah Sesyen Jenayah (4) di Kuala Lumpur untuk mendengar secara khusus kes-kes jenayah harta intelek mulai 1 Januari 2006 lalu dan hasilnya banyak kes-kes berkaitan telah berjaya dilupuskan dengan lebih efektif dan cepat di mana sehingga tahun 2006 hampir 99 kes berkaitan harta intelek telah dilupuskan dan pihak yang kerugian serta teraniaya mendapat keadilan melalui perintah penghakiman dan pampasan yang sewajarnya daripada mahkamah.Penubuhan Mahkamah Harta Intelek ini juga disifatkan tepat pada masanya memandangkan peningkatan kes-kes baharu melibatkan jenayah harta intelek secara mendadak setiap tahun. Di samping itu, pindaan Akta Hakcipta 1987 pada 15 Ogos 2003 juga telah memberikan kuasa penuh kepada pegawai kementerian menangkap pesalah yang terlibat dalam jenayah ini tanpa melibatkan agensi kerajaan lain. Keadaan ini membantu melicinkan lagi usaha penguatkuasaan dan perlaksanaan undang-undang pihak kementerian ke atas penjenayah harta intelek dan bagi mengekang jenayah moden ini daripada terus berleluasa di negara kita.Secara amnya penguatkuasaan undang-undang harta intelek di negara kita adalah merangkumi bidang kuasa yang diperuntukkan di dalam Akta Hakcipta 1987, Akta Perihal Dagangan 1972, Akta Cap Dagangan 1976, Akta Paten 1983, Akta Reka Bentuk Perindustrian 1996, Akta Reka Bentuk Susun Atur Litar Bersepadu 2000, Akta Petunjuk Geografi 2000, Akta Cakera Optik 2000 dan lain-lain. Kebanyakan kes harta intelek di negara kita banyak tertumpu kepada jenayah cetak rompak mengikut Akta Hakcipta 1987 dan Akta Perihal Dagangan 1972.Sehingga ke hari ini Malaysia masih lagi tidak mampu mengatasi dan menghalang sepenuhnya jenayah pelanggaran hak cipta yang tinggi terutamanya kes cetak rompak yang kian hari semakin bertambah di seluruh negara. Ini adalah kerana jenayah perdagangan ini membabitkan mereka yang bukan hanya mempunyai keupayaan kewangan yang mantap, sistem perhubungan yang cekap, penglibatan 'orang dalam' dan petugas yang terlatih malah kebolehan luar biasa serta strategik melepaskan diri dengan pelbagai helah dan teknik yang mampu mengkaburi mata pihak penguatkuasaan.Di samping itu gejala rasuah di kalangan pegawai penguatkuasaan; kelemahan sistem pengurusan dan pentadbiran pihak kementerian dan agensi berkaitan; pegawai yang korup, lemah, tidak cekap dan kurang pengalaman; dan lebih parah lagi kerap kali berlakunya kebocoran maklumat turut menjadikan masalah ini semakin membarah dan tidak terkawal, di mana setiap kali serbuan dibuat ianya mampu dihidu lebih awal oleh penjenayah harta intelek ini. Mereka yang terlibat membocorkan rahsia serta mengamalkan budaya rasuah ibarat musuh dalam selimut dan penderhaka negara, di mana perlu dihadapkan ke muka pengadilan bersama-sama penjenayah harta intelek kronik lain.Pembeli atau pengguna yang turut sama bersubahat dengan penjenayah ini melalui pembelian barangan cetak rompak atau memuat turun sesuatu aplikasi tanpa kebenaran juga tidak terlepas daripada tindakan undang-undang jika sabit kesalahan. Ini adalah kerana tanpa sokongan dan kerjasama daripada pengguna, penjenayah ini tidak mungkin dapat melebarkan sayap kegiatan perniagaan haram mereka. Hukum penawaran dan permintaan dalam perniagaan menjadi asas kepada masalah ini. Oleh yang demikian, pengguna yang bijak perlu bertindak sewajarnya membantu kerajaan membanteras jenayah harta intelek dan bukannya terus menerus berganding bahu dan membantu penjenayah dalam hal ini.Selanjutnya, bagi meningkatkan lagi prestasi dan inovasi Mahkamah Harta Intelek di negara kita, pentadbiran dan pengurusan mahkamah perlu diperbaiki terutamanya sistem, kemudahan, tahap kecepatan dan kecekapan badan perundangan serta kehakiman sedia ada. Majistret, Hakim Mahkamah Sesyen dan Mahkamah Tinggi perlu diberi latihan dan pendidikan lanjutan, kemahiran, teknologi dan pendedahan terkini undang-undang berkaitan harta intelek tempatan dan antarabangsa.Prasarana kompleks mahkamah haruslah ditambah dan diberi peruntukan khas memandangkan kes-kes sivil dan jenayah sedia ada pun masih lagi terlalu banyak yang perlu diadili dan bilangan kes tertangguh yang semakin meningkat. Bilangan majistret dan hakim juga wajar diperluas bagi melancarkan lagi perjalanan perbicaraan kes serta mereka layak menerima insentif tertentu dan elaun khas kerana beban kerja hakiki mereka akan bertambah dengan adanya mahkamah harta intelek ini.Di samping itu, undang-undang dan peraturan berkaitan harta intelek yang masih longgar dan banyak kelemahan; hukuman dan denda yang rendah serta tidak menggerunkan penjenayah tegar; masalah penafsiran dan perlaksanaan undang-undang serta penguatkuasaannya; dan peruntukan undang-undang sedia ada yang masih kurang mantap serta ketinggalan zaman hendaklah sentiasa dipertingkatkan lagi dan dikemas kini agar penjenayah harta intelek tiada lagi jalan keluar dan terlepas dari tindakan undang-undang negara.Berdasarkan kepada senario semasa, jenayah harta intelek kini semakin berkembang dan bermaharajalela melalui medium maya terutamanya internet di samping kaedah tradisional, menuntut kerajaan bersedia melaksanakan inovasi mahkamah siber sepenuhnya berteraskan keupayaan ICT terkini bagi memberikan impak dan momentum positif kepada sistem perundangan dan kehakiman di negara kita setanding negara maju lain dalam mengadili jenayah harta intelek.



1. What is a Patent?


A patent for an invention is a legal right granted by the government. It
allows you to stop other people from using your invention during the
life of the patent.


2. What is an Invention?


Patents cover all fields of technology. Basically, an invention is something
which is new and is not obvious. It must be technical, but it does not
need to be complicated or high tech. An invention can be many things,
including a machine, device or any kind of mechanical, electrical or
electronic product, a chemical substance, a biotechnological product,
or an industrial process.
Some things, although new, cannot be patented. This is usually
because they are not technical or they do not have a use in industry.
For example, an oil painting, a method of fortune telling and a method
of selling insurance are all examples of things which cannot be
patented.


further information, please click here

design under intellectual property law

Title : Protecting A Design In Intellectual Property
	Author : Mr. Sidhartha Mohapatra
	* ABSTRACT Designs have always played a major role in the global dynamic market. The importance of design has been so highly felt in the field of intellectual property rights (IPR), that a new act, named the Designs Act, 2000 was enacted to give protection to the designs. But the major impetus on the registration of designs is that it should be novel and must not have been publicly known prior to its registration. Further, obscene or scandalous designs do not qualify for the registration of designs. But, once the design gets registered, the competitive advantage that the value of the product gets confers an umbrella protection on the design of the product. In this article, an attempt was made to describe briefly about the Designs Act, 2000 so that those reading it will get an insight of the importance of designs in this modern consumerist market. INTRODUCTION Designs often stand at the crossroads of art and industry. The manifestation of design in various product markets poses a problem for the registration of a design in intellectual property. Protection of design as a rule can be done in all intellectual property regimes, with the prominence on copyright, sui generic design and unfair competition laws. The notion of protection of design is the result because of its adaptation in the minds of the users and the socio-economic framework, which sustains it. The rationale behind the protection of design is the role played by it in promoting and maintaining a competitive market economy.1 The essential purpose of design law is to promote and protect the design element of industrial production. It is also intended to promote innovative activity in the field of industries. The existing legislation on industrial designs is enshrined in the New Designs Act, 2000 and this Act will serve its purpose well in the rapid changes in technology and international developments. It was enacted to bring the Indian law in consonance with the TRIPS agreement.2 India has also achieved a mature status in the field of industrial designs and in view of globalisation of the economy; the present legislation is aligned with the changed technical and commercial scenario and made to conform to international trends in design protection. DEFINITION OF DESIGN "Design" means only the features of shape, configuration, pattern, ornament or composition of lines or colours applied to any article whether in two dimensional or three dimensional or in both forms, by any industrial process or means, whether manual, mechanical or chemical, separate or combined, which in the finished article appeal to and are judged solely by the eye; but does not include any mode or principle of construction or anything which is in substance a mere mechanical device, and does not include any trade mark as defined in Clause (v) of Sub-section (1) of Section 2 of the Trade and Merchandise Marks Act, 1958 or property mark as defined in Section 479 of the Indian Penal Code or any artistic work as defined in Clause (c) of Section 2 of the Copyright Act, 1957.3 RELATION OF DESIGN WITH IPR The term "design", in the field of intellectual property rights (IP), means the appearance and form of the whole or part of a product. In other words, design protection is used to protect the aesthetic features of a product i.e., in particular, the lines, contours, colours, shape and/or materials of the product itself and/or its ornamentation.4 Functional features are not protected under the Law of Designs. For a product to qualify for design protection, it must relate to the shape and appearance of the goods or articles and it must be applied by a mechanical or chemical process. The eligibility for design registration will be judged solely by the appeal to the eye. Section 2(d) read with Section 2(a) and Section 5(1) of the Design Act lays down the definition of the Design. In Delhi Metro Plastic Industries v. Galaxy Footwear5 case, it was held the definitions of "design" in Section 2(5) of the 1911 Act and Section 2(d) of the 2000 Act were slightly different and the present definition had certain additional features. The legislation has amplified the definitions of article and design to confirm them with international accepted definitions for providing wider protection. The definition of article has been broadened to include parts of articles sold separately within its scope. The definition of Design has also been amplified to incorporate the composition of lines and colours to avoid overlapping with Copyright Act, 1957 regarding the definition of design with respect to artistic work. PROTECTION OF DESIGNS Section 2 (a) makes it clear that only an article of manufacture or any substance which is artificial or partly artificial and partly natural and includes any part of an article capable of being made and sold separately can be protected under the Designs Act, 2000. The functionality or technical features of a product cannot be design protected and should be covered by other methods of protection, i.e. patent protection or utility model protection. Designs may be used in conjunction with trade marks to protect the entirety of a product. For example, in addition to the protection of the Coca-Cola name by registered trade mark, the shape of the bottle and design of the logo are protected by registered design. Registered designs are preferable to non-registered designs, as the latter provides no protection against deceptively similar designs. If the part of an article is such that it is capable of being made and sold separately, then it can also be protected. An inventor or any other person/company assigned by the inventor can apply and obtain the registration for the design. CLASSIFICATION OF DESIGNS Almost all jurisdictions, including India, follow Locarno Classification for registration of design comprising 32 classes, numbered 1 to 31 and an additional Class 99 to include articles not falling under the aforesaid 31 classes.6 Most of the classes are further divided into sub-classes. Design applications must be filed in a particular class depending upon the predominant material with which the article is made or is capable of being made.7 WHAT DESIGNS CONSTITUTE PROTECTION? A registrable design must be novel, in that it must not be publicly known8 prior to the filing of an application. A design shall be considered 'new' if no identical design has been previously made available to the public.What is essential is that the design must be new with respect to the class of article to which it has been applied. Thus, any object which wants qualification for the design must fulfill the criteria, i.e., it must not have been put on in the market, exhibitions or brochures, etc. Further, a design must itself have a distinct individual character and should be substantially differentiating from the already marketed products and prior registered designs.9 However, in order to maintain the novelty of the design, it is necessary to file a design application within 12 months of the publication of the design. If no such application is filed, the design will not be considered novel and will not be registrable. In the case of Joginder Singh v. Tebu Enterprises Ltd., 10 the petitioner filed a petition in the Delhi High Court for the cancellation of two designs issued in favour of the respondent, under Section 51 A of the Design Act, 1911, on the grounds that the impugned designs whose registration was obtained by the Respondent were in fact being manufactured in India prior to the date of registration in favour of the respondent, and that they were not novel and original and had also been previously published in India prior to the date of registration in favour of the Respondent. The Court held that if the goods imported from abroad are used by the importer without its discloser to anyone else and goods of such designs are not freely available in India, then there is no publication of the design so imported. If, however, the goods which are imported are used in full view of the general public, the design of such goods are regarded as published in India and would not be regarded as new or original designs. Considering the facts and circumstances of this case the court cancelled the registration of the design issued in favour of the Respondent. http://articles.manupatra.com/PopOpenArticle.aspx?ID=4c7324ae-7ef5-434f-93a5-ebd0d187146b&txtsearch=Mr.%20Sidhartha%20Mohapatra

copyright in intellectual property

Copyright in Malaysia
Computer Programmes

A computer program is a west of instructions or commands that gives directions to the computer as to the sequence in which its operations should be conducted in order to carry out specific functions. “ Computer programs” were only added to the list of copyright works under the Copyright Act 1987. Prior to 1987, it was generally felt that computer programs were protected under the repealed Copyright ACT 1969. However, it was doubtful that copyright was available then.
Under the 1969 Act, “literary works” were defined to ‘mean’ a number of items, none of which would have covered ‘computer programs’. By using the word ‘mean’ instead of ‘include’, the definition would appear to be exhaustive and not merely illustrative of the works capable of constituting ‘litarary work’.[1]
Computer programs developing day to day. So that, we need copyright to protect our intellectual property. Consequently, from the 1960s onwards, for some form of protection against unauthorized copying. When confronted with the issue, courts in most jurisdictions appeared to accept that copyright protection was available, at least in so far as the source codes were concerned. The issue of proper legal regime for protection was taken by the legistures in some countries and resolved in favour of copyright now.
When Malaysia replaced the Copyright Act 1969 with the 1987 Act, it too extended protection to ‘ computer programs’ as literary works.


Section 3. Copyright 1987 (Act 332)
In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires—

"adaptation" includes any of the following, that is to say—

(a) in relation to a literary work, a version of the work (whether
in its original language or a different language) in which it
is converted into a dramatic work;

(b) in relation to a dramatic work, a version of the work
(whether in its original language or a different language)
in which it is converted into a literary work;

(c) in relation to a literary or dramatic work—
(i) a translation of the work;
(ii) a version of the work in which the story or action is
conveyed wholly or mainly by means of pictures in a
form suitable for reproduction in a book or in a
newspaper, magazine or similar periodical;

(d) in relation to a literary work in the form of a computer
program, a version of the work, whether or not in the
language, code or notation in which the work was originally
expressed not being a reproduction of the work;

(e) in relation to a musical work, an arrangement or transcription
of the work;

(f) in relation to a literary or artistic work, a version of the
work (whether in its original language or a different language)
in which it is converted into a film;

"artistic work" includes—
(a) paintings, drawings, etchings, lithographs, woodcuts,
engravings and prints and any three dimensional work
thereof;

Interpretion.
(b) maps, plans, charts, diagrams, illustrations, sketches and
three dimensional works related to geography, topography,
architecture or science;

(c) works of sculpture;

(d) works of architecture in the form of buildings or models:

(e) photographs not comprised in a film; and

(f) works of artistic craftsmanship including pictorial woven
tissues, tapestry and articles of applied handicraft and
industrial art:

"author",

(a) in relation to literary works, means the writer or the maker
of the works;

(b) in relation to musical works, means the composer;

(c) in relation to artistic works other than photographs, means
the artist;

(d) in relation to photographs, means the person by whom the
arrangements for the taking of the photograph were
undertaken;

(e) in relation to films or sound recordings, means the person by
whom the arrangements for the making of the film or
recording were undertaken;

(f) in relation to broadcasts transmitted from within any
country, means the person by whom the arrangements for
the making of the transmissions from within that country
were undertaken;

(g) in relation to any other cases, means the person by whom
the work was made;

"broadcast" means the transmitting, for reception by the general
public, by wireless means or wire, of sounds or images or both; and

"broadcasting" shall be construed accordingly;

"broadcasting service" means any service of radio or television
broadcast, operated under the general direction and control of or
under licence by the Government, in any part of Malaysia;

"building" includes any structure;

"citizen" includes a person who, if he had been alive on the
relevant day, would have qualified for citizenship under the
Federal Constitution;

"communication by cable" means the operation by which signals
are guided by wire, beam or other conductor device, to the public
or any section thereof, for reception, and "communicate by cable"
shall be construed accordingly;

"communication to the public" means the making of a work
available to the public and includes, in addition to any live
performance or delivery, any mode of visual or acoustic
presentation; and "communicate to the public" shall be construed
accordingly;

"computer program" means an expression, in any language,
code or notation, of a set of instructions (whether with or without
related information) intended to cause a device having an information
processing capability to perform a particular function either
directly or after either or both of the following:

(a) conversion to another language, code or notation;

(b) reproduction in a different material form;

"Controller", "Deputy Controller" and "Assistant Controller"
means respectively the Controller of Copyright, the Deputy
Controller of Copyright and an Assistant Controller of Copyright
appointed under section 5 (1):

"copy" means a reproduction of a work in written form, in the
form of a recording or film, or in any other material form;

"copyright" means copyright under this Act;

"educational institution" shall have the same meaning as
assigned to it in the Education Act 1961:

"film" means any fixation of a sequence of visual images on
material of any description, whether translucent or not, so as to be
capable by use of that material with or without any assistance of
any contrivance

(a) of being shown as a moving picture; or

(b) of being recorded on other material, whether translucent or
not by the use of which it can be so shown,
and includes the sounds embodied in any sound-track associated with
a film:

"fixation" means the embodiment of sounds, images or both in
a material form sufficiently permanent or stable to permit them to be
perceived, reproduced or otherwise communicated during a period of
more than transitory duration;

"future copyright" means copyright which will or may come into
existence in respect of any future works or class of works or other
subject matter, or on the coming into operation of any provision of
this Act, or in any future event;

"Government" means the Government of Malaysia or the
Government of any State;

"infringing copy" means any reproduction of any work eligible for
copyright under this Act, the making of which constitutes an
infringement of the copyright in the work;

"licence" means a lawfully granted licence in writing. permitting
the doing of an act controlled by copyright;

"licensing body" means a society, firm or other organization which
has as its main object, or one of its main objects, the negotia tion or
granting of licences in respect of copyright works, and includes an
individual carrying on the same activity;

"literary work" includes

(a) novels, stories, books, pamphlets, manuscripts, poetical works
and other writings;

(b) plays, dramas, stage directions, film scenarios, broadcasting
scripts, choreographic works and pantomimes;

(c) treatises, histories, biographies, essays and articles;

(d) encyclopaedias, dictionaries and other works of reference;

(e) letters, reports and memoranda;

(f) lectures, addresses, sermons and other works of the same nature;

(g) tables or compilations, expressed in words, figures, or symbols
(whether or not in a visible form); and

(h) computer programs or compilations of computer programs;
"manuscript", in relation to a work, means the original document
embodying the work, whether written by hand or not;

"material form", in relation to a work or a derivative work, includes
any form (whether visible or not) of storage from which the work or
derivative work, or a substantial part of the work or derivative work can be
reproduced;

"Minister" means, unless otherwise stated, the Minister charged with
the responsibility for copyright matters;

"musical work" means any musical work, and includes works
composed for musical accompaniment;

"photograph" means any product of photography or of any process akin
to photography, other than a part of a film, and includes a product created
through any electronic process;

"premises" means any place, stationary or otherwise established
or set up by any person, and includes any such place in the open air,
whether such place is with or without enclosure, and also includes
vehicles, aircraft, ships and any other vessel;
"qualified person"

(a) in relation to an individual, means a person who is a
citizen of, or a permanent resident in, Malaysia; and

(b) in relation to a body corporate, means a body corporate
established in Malaysia and constituted or vested with legal
personality under the laws of Malaysia;

"rebroadcast" means a simultaneous or subsequent broadcast by
one broadcasting service of the broadcast of another broadcasting
service, whether situated in Malaysia or abroad, and includes
diffusion of such broadcast over wires; and "rebroadcasting" shall
be construed accordingly;

"relevant day" means Merdeka Day in respect of West
Malaysia and Malaysia Day in respect of Sabah, Sarawak and the
Federal Territory of Labuan;

"reproduction" means the making of one or more copies of
work in any form or version and "reproducing" shall be construed
accordingly;

"sound recording" means any fixation of a sequence of sounds
capable of being perceived aurally and of being reproduced by any
means, but does not include a sound-track associated with a film;
"Tribunal" means the Copyright Tribunal established under
section 28; and

"work of joint authorship" means a work produced by the
collaboration of two or more authors in which the contribution of each
author is not separable from the contribution of the other author or
authors.

This definition and other computer-related provisions in the Act 1987 were closely modeled on the Australian Copyright Amendment Act 1984.
In the case Creative Purpose sdn Bhd & Anor v. Integrated Trans Corp Sdn Bhd& Ors, the plaintiffs who
Kamalanathan Ratnam JC , the judge made the following observation,

……it is possible to sieve from the numerous judicial observations, that copyright protection for software program is strongly entrenched, and that the courts have shown a willingness to extend the protection to both the object as well as the source codes. In fact, a set of instructions which is conferred protection as well. Its is my finding that the definition under Section 3 of the Act should be read broadly so as to include all manifestations of that set of instructions which can be read by a computer in whatever converted form.

Check out this SlideShare Presentation:

copyright (under indian cyber law)

View more presentations from ravindra sharma.

Japan Aims for Copyright- relaxed ‘special cyber zone’
Posted on 2008-08-25

Japan's Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications is aiming to establish "special cyber zones" (cyber tokku), in which users can use and experiment with copyrighted materials on the Internet without legal worries, in 2009. Such materials will include net-distributed video and music that have been authorized by the copyright holders. However, "only specific participants will be allowed to enter" the zones. Similar to the existing special economic zones (keizai tokku) with relaxed business regulations, the cyber equivalents are intended to promote the global competitiveness of the telecommunications industry and support the creation of new business opportunities. The ministry is requesting a budget of 2 billion yen (US$18 million) for this initiative in 2009.
Like other countries, Japan has grappled with the balance of copyright enforcement versus individual rights and business opportunities on the Internet. Japan currently allows unauthorized downloads of copyrighted material for private use, but the Agency for Cultural Affairs is pushing for an amendment to allow prosecution of these downloaders. At the same time, Prime Minister Yasuo Fukuda's Intellectual Property Strategy Headquarters proposed a fair-use clause, similar to the American one, that will consider non-commericial use and the lack of harm on market value as mitigating factors in any prosecution. Niwango's Nico Nico Douga video-sharing website was forced last month to remove videos that reportedly infringed on the copyrights of three Japanese associations of video content companies.

Source: Yomiuri Shimbun via Sankaku Complex.

Cybercafé fined for copyright breach
Fan Foo
Nov 26,2008

A SYDNEY internet cafe operator has pleaded guilty to 40 charges of copyright infringement involving titles such as Russell Crowe's American Gangster.
Interville Technology was fined $82,000 and ordered to pay court costs at the Downing Centre Local Court yesterday. The company's computers and servers seized during a raid by the Australian Federal Police will be forfeited. On December 18, 2007, the AFP raided Interville's cybercafe located at Sydney's World Square shopping centre following an investigation by the Australian Federation Against Copyright Theft (AFACT) and the Music Industry Piracy Investigations (MIPI). According to AFACT and MIPI, the cafe had 60 computers and three servers that contained hundreds of thousands of infringing movie, TV and music titles. The cafe was charging its patrons hourly fees to illegally access movies and music, that were then saved on storage devices with up to 60GB of space. Both organisations say the capacity would be able to hold 40 movies and hundreds of music files. During the raid, Interville was found to have infringed on the copyright of then yet-to-be-released movies, including American Gangster and National Treasure Book of Secrets, plus songs from over 150 popular artists like 50 Cent, Alicia Keys and Justin Timberlake. "It is satisfying to see sentences handed down which properly reflect the damage operations like this does to the rights of owners and the 50,000 Australians working in the film and TV industries," AFACT operations director Neil Gane said. Mr Gane said the outcome would send a clear message to internet cafe owners engaged in commercial scale copyright breach. "You will be caught and you risk severe penalties." Last week AFACT moved sue internet service provider iiNet for allegedly authorising copyright infringement activities on its network.
It has also warned individual users not to illegally share or download movies and songs.

TRADEMARK IN CYBER

Introduction

A trademark is one part of intellectual property. This trademark law, important to business whether in cyberspace or in real world. A trademark consists:

1. Symbol, Design, particularly word or
2. Combination of these used to denote a particular ware (i.e. a good
or Service)
3. Graphically

Trademarks serve to distinguish one’s goods or services in the marketplaces, allowing consumers to identify them as being from a specific company. They also can used to identify a good or service as being of a specific quality, since trademarks carry a certain goodwill or reputation built up the company over time. It’s makes customer easy to identify and relate a product with a particular trader.

There are three groups of trademarks which are:
a. Ordinary trademarks
b. Certification marks
c. Distinguishing guise.
Ordinary trademarks are words or symbol marks associated with a good or service and held by individuals or organizations (Coco-Cola is perhaps the best known. Certification marks are names or symbols used by organizations to identify quality in a good or service. For examples, the Canadian Standards Association uses the CSA mark to identify a good that satisfies its safety levels. Distinguishing guise identifies ac ware by its physical representation, such as its packaging or physical shape (Coco-Cola’s ribbed glass bottle with the curvy shape is a classic example).

Trademarks differ from copyright, however, in trademarks there are two application legal regimes depending which is registered trademarks and unregistered trademarks.
1. Registered trademarks and benefits.

Its complies with the federal Trade-Marks Act registration requirements and is inscribed in the trademark’s register. Its lasts for 15 years and is renewable. Registration costs several hundred dollars and renewal required another fee according to Canada trades law. Ones registered, the trademarks holder has the exclusive rights to use the trademark in the country of registration; no one else may use the trademark without the holder’s permission. The holder may license or assign (transfer) it to others, and assignments must be registered with the Trade- Marks Office. Trademarks are protected in order to avoid public confusion. Marks that cause confusion because they look or sound like other marks that represent similar goods or services can’t be registered. Finally, certain parts of a mark may be disclaimed, i.e. they may from part of one’s mark but aren’t protected. For example, “Superstar Internet Provider Service” would likely have to disclaim “Internet Provider Service” since it represents the nature of the service. If after much use the entire combination of words becomes sufficiently distinctive in representing one’s goods or services then registration may be possible. If there is any infringement of a registered trademark, the owner may take civil action under the provisions of the Trademarks Act to obtain relief such as injunctions and damages against the person who infringes or lodge a report to the Enforcement Department of the Ministry of Domestic Trade and Consumer Affairs for actions under Akta Perihal Dagangan 1972. The certificate of registration issued by the office of Registrar of Trademarks is a conclusive proof of ownership.
However, trademark registration is not mandatory like registration of companies or business. Even without registration, legal protection can still be obtained through “rules of Common Law and Equity” based on usage and reputation. An action of passing off can be taken against any act of infringement. However, procedures to get this protection are rather difficult and time consuming compared with protection through registration.







ROLE OF TRADEMARKS

1. Origin of goods
2. Distinguish product
3. Facilities and assist customers in making choices
4. Guarantee quality
5. Advertise and promote products
6. Economic value –capable of licensing or franchise

THE LAWS IN MALYSIA

1. Trademarks Act 1976, enforced on 1 September 1983
Trademarks (Amendments) Act 1994
Trademarks (Amendments) Act 2000
2. Trademark Regulations 1997 (Amended in 2001)


History of Enforcement trademarks in Malaysia

On 27 October 1990, the Officer of Register of trademarks and patents was placed under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Domestic Trade and Consumer Affairs. The Intellectual Property Department (now renamed Intellectual Property Commission) was established in 1991 to ensure not only protection of trademarks and patents but also copyrights and industrial designs.



McDonald vs McCurry

McCurry' to pay damages over nameSeptember 08, 2006

The High Court of Malaysian has ordered an Indian eatery called McCurry Restaurant to pay damages to US fast food giant McDonald's for imitating the chain restaurant's name and signature colours.High Court judge Siti Mariah Ahmad yesterday ruled McDonald's had the exclusive right to the prefix "Mc'', and said the McCurry Restaurant, which has similar red and gold signage, had tried to capitalise on the global company's reputation."The act of the defendant was a deliberate attempt to get an unfair advantage to the detriment of the plaintiff,'' she was quoted as saying by the Bernama news agency in ruling on the suit by the McDonald's Corporation against McCurry."The plaintiff had suffered damage to their goodwill and reputation and an erosion to the singularity that they had enjoyed vis a vis the Mc mark, either when used on its own or in conjunction with an item of food'' she said.The sum of the damages award is to be assessed by authorities, Bernama said.The judge said McCurry could cause confusion amongst Malaysians with its red and gold logo, which features a chicken giving a thumbs up sign, and ordered the curry restaurant to drop the "Mc'' from its name, Bernama reported.McDonald's in its suit had said the "Mc'' prefix was a trademark used on all its goods and services and was globally recognised.But the Kuala Lumpur-based McCurry, formerly known as Restoran Penang Curry House, argued that the prefix "Mc'' was not exclusive to McDonald's and pointed to its use in surnames, including Scottish ones.It also said it served an array of popular Malaysian dishes which were totally different from the typical burger and fries fare at McDonald's.McCurry, which has insisted its name is an abbreviation of local popular dish "Malaysian Chicken Curry'', said it would appeal the ruling.There are 174 McDonald's restaurants in Malaysia, and the company is expanding at about 15-20 restaurants annually, according to the McDonald's Malaysia website.
Source: http://www.news.com.au/couriermail/story/0,,20374788-462,00.html?from=rss

posted by Maverick SM # 5:28 PM 3 comments

DOMAIN NAMES

INTRODUCTION

Cyberspace requires a special and unique addressing system, known as the domain name system (DNS), which applies throughout cyberspace and doesn’t recognize regional or national boundaries. As in computer networking each computer on the internet has this unique address, which is called as Internet protocol (IP) address. This IP takes the form of four sets of numbers, separated by periods, or “dots” (such as 207.144.332.12). This numbers are what computers use to route traffic on the internet.
The organization that include in this matter is the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA). This organization oversees IP address; DNS root zone managements and other internet protocol assignments. It is operated by the Internet Corporation under authority of the United States Commerce Department. This IP number very useful and understandable for computer, however are too long for humans to remember.


MEANING OF DOMAIN NAME

“Domain” came from the “Dominium”, a Latin word for property or right of ownership. A dictionary defines “Domain” as the territory over which dominion or authority is exerted. In the internet domain signifies “ownership” or a “space” in the digital and virtual world of networked computers. A domain name is thus a name that refers to a digital domain or territory on the internet. It is textual address which is anyone can find your host machine on the internet. Its contains labels and dot. The dot separated the labels. For example “fskk.com”. Here “fskk “and “com” is labels and separated by a dot.



URL

URL is Uniform Resource Locator, a form of address that specifies the location of the object, usually a webpage or a website on the Internet. Its contains three part. There are:
1. Protocol (e.g. http)
2. Domain name of any Internet host (e.g. www. Fskk.com.my)
3. Path or file name (e.g. html, welcome/html)
There are some examples of URL:
1. http://www.fskk.com.my/welcome.html
2. http://www.ukm.edu.my
3. http://www.abc.com.my/somethings.gs

So, in URL also this domain is used. When you use the web or send e-mail message, a domain name is used. The URL http://fskk.com.my contains the domain name fskk.com.my. The e-mail address fskk_0910@yahoo.com contains domain name yahoo.com.

LEVELS OF DOMAIN NAME


http://www.fskk.com.my (example)

level of this url are:

http = Hyper text transfer protocol

wwww = World Wide Web

fskk = Second-level domain (SLD)
*First come first served Basic
*free to choose

com = Top-level domain (TLD)
*Com: commercial
*Pre-defined by ICANN and the interNIC

my = Top level domain (TLD)
*Country code
*My: Malaysia



Technical characteristics

DNS names must be unique:
1. It cannot have two or more name that are the same .
2. Names need only differ slightly.
Registering authorities and top level domains independent
1. A name in one domain scheme does not preclude that name in
another.
2. Must register in all domains to control name
3. Must register all combinations
4. Registering authorities operate their own regulations


Using a domain name which is the same or similar to a particular trademark can happen in many ways:
1. Slight amendment to letters
2. Reference in metatags
3. Deep linking

Cybersquatting is a registration of a domain name with a view to get something in return from the owner of a particular trademark who wishes to use that domain name. it can happen because of the domain name can be sold to a company or organization which intend to use the domain name, can be sold to the third party who has other interests in keeping the domain name and because to prevent the owner of a particular trademark from using the domain name.

Disney wins domain name case
Sunday, 06 September 2009

Disney Enterprises,the largest media and entertainment conglomerate in the world submitted a complaint to the National Arbitration Forum,requesting six domain names to be transferred to them .
The six domain names are : marypoppinsonbroadway.com, marypoppinstickets.net, marypoppinstickets.org, hannahmontanaticketsonline.com, and littlemermaidticketsny.com .Disney Enterprises owns various trademarks.The domain names marypoppinsonbroadway.com, marypoppinstickets.net, marypoppinstickets.org are confusingly similar to its Mary Poppins mark,hannahmontanaticketsonline.com is confusingly similar to its Hannah Montana mark and littlemermaidticketsny.com is confusingly similar to its Little Mermaid mark .Moreover,the entertainment conglomerate demonstrated that the domain names were registered and used in bad faith.The complainant ,demonstrated that two of the domain name resolves to their "Disney on Broadway” web page".Marypoppinstickets.org, hannahmontanaticketsonline.com, and littlemermaidticketsny.com seems to resolve " to a commercial website that sells goods and services that compete with Complainant’s business. Specifically, it appears that Respondent is diverting Internet users seeking Complainant’s entertainment goods and services to a website that sells tickets to Complainant’s shows, as well as shows of competitors, in competition with Complainant’s own sale of its goods and services. "Because the respondent failed to submit a response and because the complainant managed to demonstrate all the elements required,the Panel decided the six disputed domain names to be transferred from the respondent to he complainant.

Almost half of Malaysian listed companies yet to secure domain name
Malaysia’s domain registrar moves to pre-register .my domain
By AvantiKumar07 Sep 2009

KUALA LUMPUR, 7 SEPTEMBER 2009 -- Almost half of Malaysian public-listed companies have yet to secure their .my domain name, according to the country’s sole registrar .my DOMAIN REGISTRY.
“In support of Bursa Malaysia’s [Malaysian stock exchange’s] directive for all listed companies to have a corporate website, .my DOMAIN REGISTRY has announced that it is pre-reserving the domain names for a number of Bursa Malaysia companies it has identified as not yet having a ‘.my’ address,” said .my DOMAIN REGISTRY director, Shariya Haniz Zulkifli.
“From our research, nearly 50 per cent of the companies listed on Bursa Malaysia—inclusive of all three: main board, second board and MESDAQ—do not have, or do not actively identify their online presence via a .my domain name,” said Zulkifli, adding that the agency would ‘hold’ these domains on behalf of these companies until 31 October 2009 as part of its continuing efforts to encourage more Malaysian businesses to secure their online IP [intellectual property].
Formerly known as MYNIC, .my DOMAIN is the sole administrator for Web addresses that end with .my in Malaysia, and is an agency under the ministry of science, technology and innovation (MOSTI) regulated by the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission (MCMC). As the national level domain name, .my gives Malaysian businesses and individuals their unique brand identity on the Internet.
Discount available
“To protect your business IP, we are advocating that Malaysian businesses, particularly public-listed ones, register with .my DOMAIN REGISTRY resellers. The ‘.my’ unique domain name not only protects IP rights here, it is arguably less open to cyber-squatting issues compared to the ‘.com’ domain names,” said Zulkifli.
“By registering domain names derived from famous or known brands, unscrupulous cyber squatters go to the extent of luring online consumers into purchasing counterfeit products, giving away personal information and exposing them to malware,” she added.
“As the national level domain name, ‘.my’ gives Malaysian businesses a unique brand identity that is accessible worldwide on the Internet. Utilising a ‘.my’ address will therefore not only differentiate local businesses from foreign entities but will also enhance its export and international market potential as a Malaysian company,” she said.
“Even small-medium enterprises [SMEs] should make their Malaysian identity more noticeable online as e-commerce has become one of the most important facets of the Internet as it is relatively cost-efficient, and a very effective and credible way of reaching out to the global market,” she said.

How to Choose the Right Domain Name

What’s your favorite word? There’s a certain magic in the right combination of syllables, the way a specific word rolls right off the tongue. Words like gregarious, origami and highfalutin sound fantastic -- even when all by themselves. These words, however, are also hard to spell, difficult to define and almost impossible to remember when the occasion finally does call for their use. What’s your favorite word? When you want to know how to choose the right domain name, the words you like no longer matter at all.
The most popular domain names on the Web hardly even sound like real words (even if they are): Google, Yahoo, Wikipedia. It might sound like a lot of nonsense, but you’re listening to the symphony of money when you say these odd, one-word domain names. Maybe you don’t like the words -- but you know the sites (and so does everyone else). Need to know how to choose the right domain name? It’s time to take a crash course on Internet names, and online naming, in general. (from http://tools.devshed.com/c/a/Domain-Name)

http://www.igoldrush.com/intro2d.htm( u can get information about the meaning of domain name,the characteristics, the different kinds of domain name, some slightly tecnical stuff about domain name, what can do with domain name and why should buy a domain name)

APA ITU HARTA INTELEK??

Siapa hobinya mendengar lagu??angkat tangan..erm, mesti ramai yang suka. Tapi, tahukah kita, siapa pemilik lagu tersebut? Mstilah penyanyinya..betul tapi jika kita memiliki lagu tersebut di dalam mp3 atau computer kita, adakah lagu itu mnjadi milik kita??erm..possible, right? Sebagai contoh, anda ada sebuah telefon ‘blackberry’ yang baru dibeli. Kemudian, saya meminjamnya untuk tempoh masa sebulan.,adakah telefon tersebut menjadi milik saya? Apa pandangan anda? Dan apa pula kesannya jika saya memuat turun lagu Faizal Tahir ke dalam mp3 saya, adakah saya menjadi pemilik lagu tersebut?

Persoalan diatas membawa kita pada dua keadaan yang berbeza, iaitu yang pertama melibatkan harta yang zahir dan yang keduanya, harta tak zahir, (intangible property). Apa bezanya? Cukup mudah, secara literalnya, harta zahir adalah sesuatu yang boleh disentuh, cthnya; telefon, laptop, psp dan printer. Akan tetapi, harta tak zahir adalah merujuk pada harta yang tak boleh disentuh tapi mungkin boleh didengar atau dilihat, cthnya, lagu dan novel. Harta yg tak zahir inilah yang dikategorikan sbg harta intelek.

Apa pula harta intelek?definisi paling mudah adalah produk yang ada nilai komersial (lagu, novel,etc) tapi secara fizikalnya tak wujud, ataupun tiada secara zahir. Ada pula yang mengatakan harta intelek adalah apa-apa hasil inovasi, barangan komersial ataupun hasil seni, apa-apa symbol dan logo.

Secara lazimnya, ada 3 jenis harta intelek; patents, copyright dan trademark. Ketiga-tiga jenis ini akan dibincangkan kemudian.

Selesai dengan sdikit pengenalan, harap dapat member pemahaman sedikit sebanyak.. untuk topic setrusnya, kta akan diskus tentang knapa kta perlu melindungi harta intelek.,sebelum itu, mungkin klip dibawah dapat membantu untuk topic seterusnya...

Klip 1

Klip 2

“To be a great champion you must believe you are the best. If you’re not, pretend you are.”
-Muhammad Ali –

Faizuan,shalini,kalaivani,kodimalar

WELCOME TO OUR NEW BLOG

hiii.. we are cyberlaw student.....our prof Pn. Nazura gave a topic on intellectual property.we just recently started our blog process.Here we take an oppurtunity to invite all of you to visit our blog not only to gain general knowledge but just for fun also can. we all very proud n happy to be a cyber student...Fuyoh!!!!